Result

^{2026-09-10 15:59 UTC}

Niviuk Ikuma 3 P 20 (2023)

General Information

Manufacturer	Niviuk Paragliders
Model	Ikuma 3 P
Year	2023
Size	20
Production date	2025-09
Line chart	Open
Total airtime	130h
Line set airtime	130h
Tolerance	+/- 10mm (Review)

Data integrity & access	Contains manual values

Settings

Manufacturer tolerance

Correction value

The deviation of the measured values from the nominal values is between 0 and -32mm. Adjust the value according to your measuring set-up.
Put a positive value if readings are too short.
Put a negative value if readings are too long.

Wing as seen from above in flight

3A1

3B1

3C1

3A2

3B2

3C2

3A3

a10

a11

a12

3B3

b10

b11

b12

c10

c11

c12

stab

a13

a14

b13

b14

c13

BRmain

br1

br2

br3

br4

br5

br6

br7

br8

br9

br10

br11

br12

3A1

3B1

3C1

3A2

3B2

3C2

3A3

a10

a11

a12

3B3

b10

b11

b12

c10

c11

c12

stab

a13

a14

b13

b14

c13

BRmain

br1

br2

br3

br4

br5

br6

br7

br8

br9

br10

br11

br12

Offsets relative to median diff (-12)

3A1

3B1

3C1

3A2

3B2

3C2

3A3

3B3

stab

3A1

3B1

3C1

3A2

3B2

3C2

3A3

3B3

stab

Left riser

3A1

nom:

6496.00

rdg:

diff:

Cascade loop

Line insert

Re-measure

Exlclude from analysis

Comment

Averages of group 3A1

Formula of calculation:

sum(a1,a2,a3,a4) / 4

Statistics of "56-Softlink"

Evidence must be high for the system to show colored dots at all.

Evidence levels

Low: 3 datasets found and quality is below 18
Medium: 3 datasets found and quality higher than 17
High: 10 datasets found and quality is at least 25 / 3 datasets found and quality is at least 50

The color of the dot itself is based on the spread.

Color codes

Green (reliable): Spread is less than or equal to 2.0. Chances are high that you will get a very similar result.
Yellow (uncertain): Spread is less than or equal to 3.0. Your result might diverge from the expected length change.
Orange (unreliable): Spread is greater than 3.0. Given the data we have, the length change might be something but what expected.

The following table shows statistics acquired by user measurements.

nom:

6544

rdg:

6543

diff:

nom:

6507

rdg:

6502

diff:

nom:

6463

rdg:

6460

diff:

nom:

6470

rdg:

6466

diff:

3B1

nom:

6416.50

rdg:

diff:

Cascade loop

Line insert

Re-measure

Exlclude from analysis

Comment

Averages of group 3B1

Formula of calculation:

sum(b1,b2,b3,b4) / 4

Statistics of "56-Softlink"

Evidence must be high for the system to show colored dots at all.

Evidence levels

Low: 3 datasets found and quality is below 18
Medium: 3 datasets found and quality higher than 17
High: 10 datasets found and quality is at least 25 / 3 datasets found and quality is at least 50

The color of the dot itself is based on the spread.

Color codes

Green (reliable): Spread is less than or equal to 2.0. Chances are high that you will get a very similar result.
Yellow (uncertain): Spread is less than or equal to 3.0. Your result might diverge from the expected length change.
Orange (unreliable): Spread is greater than 3.0. Given the data we have, the length change might be something but what expected.

The following table shows statistics acquired by user measurements.

nom:

6463

rdg:

6446

diff:

nom:

6428

rdg:

6407

diff:

nom:

6384

rdg:

6372

diff:

nom:

6391

rdg:

6380

diff:

3C1

nom:

6530.50

rdg:

diff:

Cascade loop

Line insert

Re-measure

Exlclude from analysis

Comment

Averages of group 3C1

Formula of calculation:

sum(c1,c2,c3,c4,d1,d2,d3,d4) / 8

Statistics of "52-Softlink"

Evidence must be high for the system to show colored dots at all.

Evidence levels

Low: 3 datasets found and quality is below 18
Medium: 3 datasets found and quality higher than 17
High: 10 datasets found and quality is at least 25 / 3 datasets found and quality is at least 50

The color of the dot itself is based on the spread.

Color codes

Green (reliable): Spread is less than or equal to 2.0. Chances are high that you will get a very similar result.
Yellow (uncertain): Spread is less than or equal to 3.0. Your result might diverge from the expected length change.
Orange (unreliable): Spread is greater than 3.0. Given the data we have, the length change might be something but what expected.

The following table shows statistics acquired by user measurements.

nom:

6544

rdg:

6535

diff:

nom:

6496

rdg:

6483

diff:

nom:

6457

rdg:

6443

diff:

nom:

6482

rdg:

6469

diff:

nom:

6616

rdg:

6607

diff:

nom:

6571

rdg:

6561

diff:

nom:

6530

rdg:

6519

diff:

nom:

6548

rdg:

6540

diff:

3A2

nom:

6332.25

rdg:

diff:

Cascade loop

Line insert

Re-measure

Exlclude from analysis

Comment

Averages of group 3A2

Formula of calculation:

sum(a5,a6,a7,a8) / 4

Statistics of "56-Softlink"

Evidence must be high for the system to show colored dots at all.

Evidence levels

Low: 3 datasets found and quality is below 18
Medium: 3 datasets found and quality higher than 17
High: 10 datasets found and quality is at least 25 / 3 datasets found and quality is at least 50

The color of the dot itself is based on the spread.

Color codes

Green (reliable): Spread is less than or equal to 2.0. Chances are high that you will get a very similar result.
Yellow (uncertain): Spread is less than or equal to 3.0. Your result might diverge from the expected length change.
Orange (unreliable): Spread is greater than 3.0. Given the data we have, the length change might be something but what expected.

The following table shows statistics acquired by user measurements.

nom:

6389

rdg:

6387

diff:

nom:

6353

rdg:

6349

diff:

nom:

6290

rdg:

6282

diff:

nom:

6297

rdg:

6289

diff:

3B2

nom:

6263.00

rdg:

diff:

Cascade loop

Line insert

Re-measure

Exlclude from analysis

Comment

Averages of group 3B2

Formula of calculation:

sum(b5,b6,b7,b8) / 4

Statistics of "56-Softlink"

Evidence must be high for the system to show colored dots at all.

Evidence levels

Low: 3 datasets found and quality is below 18
Medium: 3 datasets found and quality higher than 17
High: 10 datasets found and quality is at least 25 / 3 datasets found and quality is at least 50

The color of the dot itself is based on the spread.

Color codes

Green (reliable): Spread is less than or equal to 2.0. Chances are high that you will get a very similar result.
Yellow (uncertain): Spread is less than or equal to 3.0. Your result might diverge from the expected length change.
Orange (unreliable): Spread is greater than 3.0. Given the data we have, the length change might be something but what expected.

The following table shows statistics acquired by user measurements.

nom:

6315

rdg:

6304

diff:

nom:

6281

rdg:

6268

diff:

nom:

6224

rdg:

6214

diff:

nom:

6232

rdg:

6220

diff:

3C2

nom:

6375.75

rdg:

diff:

Cascade loop

Line insert

Re-measure

Exlclude from analysis

Comment

Averages of group 3C2

Formula of calculation:

sum(c5,c6,c7,c8,d5,d6,d7,d8) / 8

Statistics of "52-Softlink"

Evidence must be high for the system to show colored dots at all.

Evidence levels

Low: 3 datasets found and quality is below 18
Medium: 3 datasets found and quality higher than 17
High: 10 datasets found and quality is at least 25 / 3 datasets found and quality is at least 50

The color of the dot itself is based on the spread.

Color codes

Green (reliable): Spread is less than or equal to 2.0. Chances are high that you will get a very similar result.
Yellow (uncertain): Spread is less than or equal to 3.0. Your result might diverge from the expected length change.
Orange (unreliable): Spread is greater than 3.0. Given the data we have, the length change might be something but what expected.

The following table shows statistics acquired by user measurements.

nom:

6405

rdg:

6400

diff:

nom:

6358

rdg:

6352

diff:

nom:

6300

rdg:

6292

diff:

nom:

6323

rdg:

6313

diff:

nom:

6472

rdg:

6466

diff:

nom:

6424

rdg:

6416

diff:

nom:

6360

rdg:

6353

diff:

nom:

6364

rdg:

6359

diff:

3A3

nom:

6079.75

rdg:

diff:

Cascade loop

Line insert

Re-measure

Exlclude from analysis

Comment

Averages of group 3A3

Formula of calculation:

sum(a9,a10,a11,a12) / 4

Statistics of "52-Softlink"

Evidence must be high for the system to show colored dots at all.

Evidence levels

Low: 3 datasets found and quality is below 18
Medium: 3 datasets found and quality higher than 17
High: 10 datasets found and quality is at least 25 / 3 datasets found and quality is at least 50

The color of the dot itself is based on the spread.

Color codes

Green (reliable): Spread is less than or equal to 2.0. Chances are high that you will get a very similar result.
Yellow (uncertain): Spread is less than or equal to 3.0. Your result might diverge from the expected length change.
Orange (unreliable): Spread is greater than 3.0. Given the data we have, the length change might be something but what expected.

The following table shows statistics acquired by user measurements.

nom:

6199

rdg:

6179

diff:

a10

nom:

6109

rdg:

6089

diff:

a11

nom:

6014

rdg:

5982

diff:

a12

nom:

5997

rdg:

5965

diff:

3B3

nom:

6084.50

rdg:

diff:

Cascade loop

Line insert

Re-measure

Exlclude from analysis

Comment

Averages of group 3B3

Formula of calculation:

sum(b9,b10,b11,b12,c9,c10,c11,c12) / 8

Statistics of "52-Softlink"

Evidence must be high for the system to show colored dots at all.

Evidence levels

Low: 3 datasets found and quality is below 18
Medium: 3 datasets found and quality higher than 17
High: 10 datasets found and quality is at least 25 / 3 datasets found and quality is at least 50

The color of the dot itself is based on the spread.

Color codes

Green (reliable): Spread is less than or equal to 2.0. Chances are high that you will get a very similar result.
Yellow (uncertain): Spread is less than or equal to 3.0. Your result might diverge from the expected length change.
Orange (unreliable): Spread is greater than 3.0. Given the data we have, the length change might be something but what expected.

The following table shows statistics acquired by user measurements.

nom:

6161

rdg:

6148

diff:

b10

nom:

6079

rdg:

6066

diff:

b11

nom:

6002

rdg:

5988

diff:

b12

nom:

5989

rdg:

5978

diff:

nom:

6221

rdg:

6207

diff:

c10

nom:

6139

rdg:

6122

diff:

c11

nom:

6049

rdg:

6037

diff:

c12

nom:

6036

rdg:

6030

diff:

stab

nom:

5794.20

rdg:

diff:

Cascade loop

Line insert

Re-measure

Exlclude from analysis

Comment

Averages of group stab

Formula of calculation:

sum(a13,a14,b13,b14,c13) / 5

Statistics of "52-Softlink"

Evidence must be high for the system to show colored dots at all.

Evidence levels

Low: 3 datasets found and quality is below 18
Medium: 3 datasets found and quality higher than 17
High: 10 datasets found and quality is at least 25 / 3 datasets found and quality is at least 50

The color of the dot itself is based on the spread.

Color codes

Green (reliable): Spread is less than or equal to 2.0. Chances are high that you will get a very similar result.
Yellow (uncertain): Spread is less than or equal to 3.0. Your result might diverge from the expected length change.
Orange (unreliable): Spread is greater than 3.0. Given the data we have, the length change might be something but what expected.

The following table shows statistics acquired by user measurements.

a13

nom:

5814

rdg:

5800

diff:

a14

nom:

5763

rdg:

5752

diff:

b13

nom:

5796

rdg:

5781

diff:

b14

nom:

5768

rdg:

5747

diff:

c13

nom:

5830

rdg:

5812

diff:

Left brake

BRmain

nom:

6148.92

rdg:

diff:

Re-measure

Comment

Averages of group BRmain

Formula of calculation:

sum(br1,br2,br3,br4,br5,br6,br7,br8,br9,br10,br11,br12) / 12

br1

nom:

6869

rdg:

6760

diff:

br2

nom:

6488

rdg:

6384

diff:

br3

nom:

6356

rdg:

6252

diff:

br4

nom:

6369

rdg:

6267

diff:

br5

nom:

6164

rdg:

6059

diff:

br6

nom:

6017

rdg:

5919

diff:

br7

nom:

5965

rdg:

5865

diff:

br8

nom:

6052

rdg:

5954

diff:

br9

nom:

5909

rdg:

5815

diff:

br10

nom:

5835

rdg:

5739

diff:

br11

nom:

5830

rdg:

5734

diff:

br12

nom:

5933

rdg:

5834

diff:

Right riser

3A1

nom:

6496.00

rdg:

diff:

Cascade loop

Line insert

Re-measure

Exlclude from analysis

Comment

Averages of group 3A1

Formula of calculation:

sum(a1,a2,a3,a4) / 4

Statistics of "56-Softlink"

Evidence must be high for the system to show colored dots at all.

Evidence levels

Low: 3 datasets found and quality is below 18
Medium: 3 datasets found and quality higher than 17
High: 10 datasets found and quality is at least 25 / 3 datasets found and quality is at least 50

The color of the dot itself is based on the spread.

Color codes

Green (reliable): Spread is less than or equal to 2.0. Chances are high that you will get a very similar result.
Yellow (uncertain): Spread is less than or equal to 3.0. Your result might diverge from the expected length change.
Orange (unreliable): Spread is greater than 3.0. Given the data we have, the length change might be something but what expected.

The following table shows statistics acquired by user measurements.

nom:

6544

rdg:

6540

diff:

nom:

6507

rdg:

6501

diff:

nom:

6463

rdg:

6458

diff:

nom:

6470

rdg:

6466

diff:

3B1

nom:

6416.50

rdg:

diff:

Cascade loop

Line insert

Re-measure

Exlclude from analysis

Comment

Averages of group 3B1

Formula of calculation:

sum(b1,b2,b3,b4) / 4

Statistics of "56-Softlink"

Evidence must be high for the system to show colored dots at all.

Evidence levels

Low: 3 datasets found and quality is below 18
Medium: 3 datasets found and quality higher than 17
High: 10 datasets found and quality is at least 25 / 3 datasets found and quality is at least 50

The color of the dot itself is based on the spread.

Color codes

Green (reliable): Spread is less than or equal to 2.0. Chances are high that you will get a very similar result.
Yellow (uncertain): Spread is less than or equal to 3.0. Your result might diverge from the expected length change.
Orange (unreliable): Spread is greater than 3.0. Given the data we have, the length change might be something but what expected.

The following table shows statistics acquired by user measurements.

nom:

6463

rdg:

6448

diff:

nom:

6428

rdg:

6412

diff:

nom:

6384

rdg:

6372

diff:

nom:

6391

rdg:

6377

diff:

3C1

nom:

6530.50

rdg:

diff:

Cascade loop

Line insert

Re-measure

Exlclude from analysis

Comment

Averages of group 3C1

Formula of calculation:

sum(c1,c2,c3,c4,d1,d2,d3,d4) / 8

Statistics of "52-Softlink"

Evidence must be high for the system to show colored dots at all.

Evidence levels

Low: 3 datasets found and quality is below 18
Medium: 3 datasets found and quality higher than 17
High: 10 datasets found and quality is at least 25 / 3 datasets found and quality is at least 50

The color of the dot itself is based on the spread.

Color codes

Green (reliable): Spread is less than or equal to 2.0. Chances are high that you will get a very similar result.
Yellow (uncertain): Spread is less than or equal to 3.0. Your result might diverge from the expected length change.
Orange (unreliable): Spread is greater than 3.0. Given the data we have, the length change might be something but what expected.

The following table shows statistics acquired by user measurements.

nom:

6544

rdg:

6525

diff:

nom:

6496

rdg:

6483

diff:

nom:

6457

rdg:

6443

diff:

nom:

6482

rdg:

6472

diff:

nom:

6616

rdg:

6606

diff:

nom:

6571

rdg:

6559

diff:

nom:

6530

rdg:

6517

diff:

nom:

6548

rdg:

6535

diff:

3A2

nom:

6332.25

rdg:

diff:

Cascade loop

Line insert

Re-measure

Exlclude from analysis

Comment

Averages of group 3A2

Formula of calculation:

sum(a5,a6,a7,a8) / 4

Statistics of "56-Softlink"

Evidence must be high for the system to show colored dots at all.

Evidence levels

Low: 3 datasets found and quality is below 18
Medium: 3 datasets found and quality higher than 17
High: 10 datasets found and quality is at least 25 / 3 datasets found and quality is at least 50

The color of the dot itself is based on the spread.

Color codes

Green (reliable): Spread is less than or equal to 2.0. Chances are high that you will get a very similar result.
Yellow (uncertain): Spread is less than or equal to 3.0. Your result might diverge from the expected length change.
Orange (unreliable): Spread is greater than 3.0. Given the data we have, the length change might be something but what expected.

The following table shows statistics acquired by user measurements.

nom:

6389

rdg:

6387

diff:

nom:

6353

rdg:

6346

diff:

nom:

6290

rdg:

6280

diff:

nom:

6297

rdg:

6286

diff:

3B2

nom:

6263.00

rdg:

diff:

Cascade loop

Line insert

Re-measure

Exlclude from analysis

Comment

Averages of group 3B2

Formula of calculation:

sum(b5,b6,b7,b8) / 4

Statistics of "56-Softlink"

Evidence must be high for the system to show colored dots at all.

Evidence levels

Low: 3 datasets found and quality is below 18
Medium: 3 datasets found and quality higher than 17
High: 10 datasets found and quality is at least 25 / 3 datasets found and quality is at least 50

The color of the dot itself is based on the spread.

Color codes

Green (reliable): Spread is less than or equal to 2.0. Chances are high that you will get a very similar result.
Yellow (uncertain): Spread is less than or equal to 3.0. Your result might diverge from the expected length change.
Orange (unreliable): Spread is greater than 3.0. Given the data we have, the length change might be something but what expected.

The following table shows statistics acquired by user measurements.

nom:

6315

rdg:

6299

diff:

nom:

6281

rdg:

6261

diff:

nom:

6224

rdg:

6200

diff:

nom:

6232

rdg:

6213

diff:

3C2

nom:

6375.75

rdg:

diff:

Cascade loop

Line insert

Re-measure

Exlclude from analysis

Comment

Averages of group 3C2

Formula of calculation:

sum(c5,c6,c7,c8,d5,d6,d7,d8) / 8

Statistics of "52-Softlink"

Evidence must be high for the system to show colored dots at all.

Evidence levels

Low: 3 datasets found and quality is below 18
Medium: 3 datasets found and quality higher than 17
High: 10 datasets found and quality is at least 25 / 3 datasets found and quality is at least 50

The color of the dot itself is based on the spread.

Color codes

Green (reliable): Spread is less than or equal to 2.0. Chances are high that you will get a very similar result.
Yellow (uncertain): Spread is less than or equal to 3.0. Your result might diverge from the expected length change.
Orange (unreliable): Spread is greater than 3.0. Given the data we have, the length change might be something but what expected.

The following table shows statistics acquired by user measurements.

nom:

6405

rdg:

6397

diff:

nom:

6358

rdg:

6351

diff:

nom:

6300

rdg:

6295

diff:

nom:

6323

rdg:

6315

diff:

nom:

6472

rdg:

6460

diff:

nom:

6424

rdg:

6414

diff:

nom:

6360

rdg:

6351

diff:

nom:

6364

rdg:

6350

diff:

3A3

nom:

6079.75

rdg:

diff:

Cascade loop

Line insert

Re-measure

Exlclude from analysis

Comment

Averages of group 3A3

Formula of calculation:

sum(a9,a10,a11,a12) / 4

Statistics of "52-Softlink"

Evidence must be high for the system to show colored dots at all.

Evidence levels

Low: 3 datasets found and quality is below 18
Medium: 3 datasets found and quality higher than 17
High: 10 datasets found and quality is at least 25 / 3 datasets found and quality is at least 50

The color of the dot itself is based on the spread.

Color codes

Green (reliable): Spread is less than or equal to 2.0. Chances are high that you will get a very similar result.
Yellow (uncertain): Spread is less than or equal to 3.0. Your result might diverge from the expected length change.
Orange (unreliable): Spread is greater than 3.0. Given the data we have, the length change might be something but what expected.

The following table shows statistics acquired by user measurements.

nom:

6199

rdg:

6177

diff:

a10

nom:

6109

rdg:

6084

diff:

a11

nom:

6014

rdg:

5984

diff:

a12

nom:

5997

rdg:

5971

diff:

3B3

nom:

6084.50

rdg:

diff:

Cascade loop

Line insert

Re-measure

Exlclude from analysis

Comment

Averages of group 3B3

Formula of calculation:

sum(b9,b10,b11,b12,c9,c10,c11,c12) / 8

Statistics of "52-Softlink"

Evidence must be high for the system to show colored dots at all.

Evidence levels

Low: 3 datasets found and quality is below 18
Medium: 3 datasets found and quality higher than 17
High: 10 datasets found and quality is at least 25 / 3 datasets found and quality is at least 50

The color of the dot itself is based on the spread.

Color codes

Green (reliable): Spread is less than or equal to 2.0. Chances are high that you will get a very similar result.
Yellow (uncertain): Spread is less than or equal to 3.0. Your result might diverge from the expected length change.
Orange (unreliable): Spread is greater than 3.0. Given the data we have, the length change might be something but what expected.

The following table shows statistics acquired by user measurements.

nom:

6161

rdg:

6148

diff:

b10

nom:

6079

rdg:

6069

diff:

b11

nom:

6002

rdg:

5989

diff:

b12

nom:

5989

rdg:

5981

diff:

nom:

6221

rdg:

6206

diff:

c10

nom:

6139

rdg:

6124

diff:

c11

nom:

6049

rdg:

6036

diff:

c12

nom:

6036

rdg:

6030

diff:

stab

nom:

5794.20

rdg:

diff:

Cascade loop

Line insert

Re-measure

Exlclude from analysis

Comment

Averages of group stab

Formula of calculation:

sum(a13,a14,b13,b14,c13) / 5

Statistics of "52-Softlink"

Evidence must be high for the system to show colored dots at all.

Evidence levels

Low: 3 datasets found and quality is below 18
Medium: 3 datasets found and quality higher than 17
High: 10 datasets found and quality is at least 25 / 3 datasets found and quality is at least 50

The color of the dot itself is based on the spread.

Color codes

Green (reliable): Spread is less than or equal to 2.0. Chances are high that you will get a very similar result.
Yellow (uncertain): Spread is less than or equal to 3.0. Your result might diverge from the expected length change.
Orange (unreliable): Spread is greater than 3.0. Given the data we have, the length change might be something but what expected.

The following table shows statistics acquired by user measurements.

a13

nom:

5814

rdg:

5791

diff:

a14

nom:

5763

rdg:

5744

diff:

b13

nom:

5796

rdg:

5776

diff:

b14

nom:

5768

rdg:

5743

diff:

c13

nom:

5830

rdg:

5808

diff:

Right brake

BRmain

nom:

6148.92

rdg:

diff:

Re-measure

Comment

Averages of group BRmain

Formula of calculation:

sum(br1,br2,br3,br4,br5,br6,br7,br8,br9,br10,br11,br12) / 12

br1

nom:

6869

rdg:

6761

diff:

br2

nom:

6488

rdg:

6380

diff:

br3

nom:

6356

rdg:

6250

diff:

br4

nom:

6369

rdg:

6267

diff:

br5

nom:

6164

rdg:

6055

diff:

br6

nom:

6017

rdg:

5904

diff:

br7

nom:

5965

rdg:

5857

diff:

br8

nom:

6052

rdg:

5943

diff:

br9

nom:

5909

rdg:

5804

diff:

br10

nom:

5835

rdg:

5730

diff:

br11

nom:

5830

rdg:

5724

diff:

br12

nom:

5933

rdg:

5822

diff:

Help

AoI

The Angle of Incidence diff is shown in the wing view as triangle in millimeters if no ref is selected. Plus means faster. Minus means slower.

ref

The current main/row or suspension point that is set as reference to calculate relative deviations. The referenced object is marked with a border.
You can select/change the ref by:

groups and rows	Using the radio buttons () or click on the grey rows or names of the main lines in the wing at the top.
points	Clicking the white area beneath the suspension point name

nom

The nominal length between suspension point and main riser loop.

rdg

The actual reading from your measurement device. When measuring, rdg is the input field.

diff

The difference between nom and rdg. This value depends on the currently selected ref. If nothing is selected, the actual deviations from rdg to nom are displayed.

colors

Areas marked in red color are further away (the line is longer) than the selected ref. Areas marked in blue color are closer (the line is shorter) than the selected ref.

status

Color coded dots are shown for manual, imported & laser values

Also take a look at the Manual

Continue trimming procedure

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